Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLDs) are neurological differences that affect how the brain processes information.​​ SpLDs are called "specific" because they primarily affect a person's ability in one or more areas of learning, such as reading, writing, spelling, or mathematics, while other cognitive skills may be strong.
There are many different types of SpLDs, and it is not uncommon for a person to have one or a combination of them. A SpLD is a lifelong condition, but with the right support, strategies, and understanding, individuals can achieve their full potential.​
Common Types of Specific Learning Difficulties
Dyslexia
The most widely recognised SpLD, dyslexia primarily affects reading, writing, and spelling. People with dyslexia may struggle with phonological processing (connecting sounds to letters), reading fluency, and accurate spelling, despite having strong verbal skills and creative thinking abilities.
Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder)
Dyspraxia affects movement, coordination, and organisation. It can impact fine motor skills (such as handwriting), gross motor skills (such as balance and coordination), and executive functioning skills like planning and time management.
Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia affects numerical processing and mathematical reasoning. People with dyscalculia may struggle with number sense, mathematical concepts, calculations, and understanding mathematical symbols and procedures.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ADHD affects attention, hyperactivity, and impulse control. It can impact concentration, organisation, time management, and the ability to regulate behaviour and emotions in learning and work environments.
Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia specifically affects writing abilities, including handwriting, spelling, and the physical act of writing. It may occur alongside other SpLDs or as a standalone condition.
The Impact of SpLDs
SpLDs can affect various aspects of daily life, including education, employment, and personal relationships. However, with appropriate understanding, support, and accommodations, people with SpLDs can achieve their full potential and make significant contributions in their chosen fields. Many successful professionals, entrepreneurs, artists, and innovators have SpLDs. The different thinking patterns associated with these conditions can bring valuable perspectives and creative problem-solving abilities to workplaces and communities.